Garden plant pest and disease control should be "prevention-oriented, prevention and control combined". As the saying goes, "30% planting, 70% maintenance". According to the occurrence law of garden pests and diseases, combined with the climatic characteristics of each month, pest and disease control and seedling maintenance are closely combined to truly achieve sustainable control of garden plant pests and diseases.
1. Points to note for each month
January: It is the month with the lowest temperature in the whole year.
① Turn the soil in winter and apply enough winter fertilizer;
② Carry out shaping and pruning of deciduous trees in an all-round way, and prune the dead branches, injured branches, and diseased and insect branches on the seedlings. Winter pruning is conducive to the growth of deciduous seedlings and the formation of a beautiful skeleton next year. At the same time, winter pruning is used to cut off the cocoons on the trees.
③ Pest control: Winter is a favorable season for eliminating garden pests. The pupae and cocoons of the spiny moth can be dug in the loose soil under the tree and burned to death. Pest control in winter often has twice the result with half the effort.
④ Check the integrity of cold-proof facilities and repair them immediately if they are damaged.
February: The temperature has risen compared to the previous month, and the trees are still dormant
① Continue winter pruning of deciduous trees;
② Dig, transport, and replant various deciduous trees and cold-resistant evergreen trees and conifers, which must be dug, transported, and planted as needed;
③ Continue to cut off diseased and insect-infested branches, and pay attention to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests
March: The temperature began to rise sharply in March. After the middle of the month, the trees began to sprout, and some trees bloomed in the second half of the month.
① The dormant pruning of deciduous trees, especially street trees, must be completed before the end of the month;
② Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: As the weather warms up, many diseases and insect pests are about to occur. This month is a critical time for prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. It is necessary to maintain and repair various pest control and disease prevention equipment and prepare medicines.
③ This month is a favorable time for tree planting. Seedlings that need to be replanted should seize the opportunity to replant trees immediately. Before planting, make a construction plan and dig the tree pit in advance. It should be done as soon as it is dug, transported, planted and watered. When planting shrubs, it should also be done as soon as it is dug, transported and planted, and watered sufficiently to increase the survival rate of seedlings.
④ Remove the winterizing materials: By the middle and late of this month, the winterizing materials will be removed according to the weather conditions.
⑤ Weeds have also begun to grow in large quantities. Remove the weeds in the green space. It is necessary to remove them early and small to ensure that there are no weeds in the green space.
April:
① Speed up the digging and replanting of evergreen trees;
② Water the green space in time to prevent new branches and leaves from sprouting due to lack of water.
③ Do a good job of tree bud stripping and pruning, and remove excess buds and branches in inappropriate growth positions at any time;
④ Do a good job of loosening the soil, weeding, and fertilizing before flowering for seedlings;
⑤ Prevention and control of pests and diseases:
(1) After the second molting, scale insects gradually move to bark cracks, tree holes, trunk bases, corners, etc. to secrete white waxy thin cocoons to pupate. Use pesticides such as cypermethrin to spray.
(2) Longhorn beetles begin to move, and you can use a grafting knife or homemade steel wire to pick out the larvae, but the wound should be as small as possible.
(3) Do a good job of preventing and controlling other pests and diseases such as aphids, mites, cutworms, white grubs, and other pests as well as powdery mildew and rust.
May: The temperature is high, the rainfall is small, the humidity is low, and it is the peak season for tree growth, so maintenance enters the main period.
① Irrigation: Trees need a lot of water to grow branches, leaves and flowers. According to the conditions of the seedlings and the climate, it is planned to replenish water for some seedlings 2-3 times this month.
② Fertilization: Fertilization is carried out according to the requirements of Party A. This month, quick-acting fertilizers are mainly used for fertilization. Root irrigation or foliar spraying can be used. Pay attention to the accurate dosage.
③ Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The first generation of the spiny moth has hatched, but it has not yet reached the level of harm. Take corresponding measures according to the actual situation of the maintenance area. Pesticides are used in strict accordance with the operating procedures and relevant regulations. The dosage is correct and no pesticide damage occurs.
④ Pruning: Trees are pruned neatly, and branches and pruning are reasonable and uniform; flowering shrubs are pruned promptly and accurately; color blocks and hedges are pruned at the right time, with smooth curves, clear outlines, no loose feet, no defects, and three sides are neat and flat. Balls are pruned neatly. Prune shrubs after flowering, strip buds from trees, and remove dry and root suckers.
⑤ Green space maintenance: Seedlings enter a vigorous growth period, and weeds also begin to grow wildly. Pay attention to the removal of weeds and climbing plants in green spaces. Weed and trim the lawns.
June:
① Watering: Check the soil moisture frequently. This stage is the time when plants need the most water. Water in droughts and drain water in time.
② Do a good job of checking trees before flood and typhoon prevention, and straighten, reinforce and re-tie loose and tilted trees.
③ Continue to remove weeds and prune;
④ Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: In mid- and late June, the thorn moth enters the peak hatching period, and measures should be taken in time. Now it is basically sprayed with 500-800 times of 50% cypermethrin emulsion (or sprayed with composite BT emulsion). Continue to capture longhorn beetles manually, and aphid control cannot be ignored.
July:
① The weather is hot this month, and weeds grow fast. Continue to cultivate and weed, and loosen the soil;
② Bag moths, spiny moths, longhorn beetles, tortoise scale, shield scale, second-generation cottony scale mites and other pests occur in large numbers, and attention should be paid to prevention and control. At the same time, anthrax, powdery mildew, leaf spot and other diseases should be continued;
③ When the temperature is high in the dog days and there is little rain, irrigation should be used to resist drought. This month is also a month with more heavy rains, so attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention;
④ This month enters the typhoon and tide season, and typhoon and flood prevention work should be done well. Frequent inspections should be carried out to straighten fallen trees in time and prune branches that affect line safety in time.
August:
① Frequently check the soil moisture content. At this time, plants are in the vigorous growth stage and the plants need the most water. Watering should be carried out in time during droughts, and irrigation and drainage should be carried out in time.
② Combine loosening the soil, weeding, fertilization and watering to achieve the best effect and ensure that the trees survive the summer.
③ The seedlings grow vigorously this month, and fertilizers should be applied in time, and small seedlings should be fertilized frequently;
④ Continue to do a good job in typhoon and flood prevention, and straighten fallen trees in time when typhoons are found;
⑤ Prevention and control of diseases and insects: Strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insects, especially aphids, caterpillars and other insect pests and diseases that are easy to occur in summer.
September:
① Continue to do a good job in pest control and disease prevention; especially check the occurrence of aphids, etc., and immediately prevent and control them once they are found;
② Continue to cultivate and weed, continue to remove lawn weeds, mow the lawn, and shape and prune balls and hedges;
③ First, plant greenery in the main areas to prepare for National Day.
October:
① Do a good job in disease prevention and pest control, and eliminate various adults and eggs;
② Continue to cultivate and weed: weeds are still growing vigorously, and continue to do a good job of weeding, so as to remove them early and small. The lawn is trimmed in time.
③ Pruning: Prune the color block seedlings, with smooth curves, clear outlines, no loose feet, no defects, three sides are neat and flat, and the balls are pruned and rounded.
2. Pest and disease control: Continue to do a good job in pest and disease control, with prevention as the main focus.
November:
① This month, replant evergreen trees and a few deciduous trees;
② Lawn trimming: trim the edges of all lawns and shrubs, trees and patterns adjacent to the edges, which will not only prevent the lawn from growing into non-lawn areas next year, but also make the green space neat and beautiful.
③ Weeding: Most of the weeds in the green space are winter weeds, mainly dicotyledonous weeds, which affect the appearance and should be removed regularly.
④ Watering: Water the dry and compacted soil.
⑤ Carry out pest and disease control, combine whitewashing with winter tree whitewashing, and promptly clean and eliminate overwintering pupae, cocoons and related pathogens. The method of whitewashing the trunks of trees and shrubs is water: quicklime: lime sulfur: salt = 100:20:1:0.5.
⑥ The temperature drops rapidly, so pay attention to the cold-proof and heat-insulating work of seedlings, especially some cold-resistant tree species should be wrapped with cold-proof materials in advance.
⑦ Carry out winter turning and improve the soil.
December:
① Continue to shape and prune trees;
② Except for rain, snow, and freezing days, replant dead deciduous trees;
③ Do a good job of cold-proof and heat-insulating work, check the covering materials, wrapping materials and other equipment and facilities at any time, find problems, and take measures quickly;
④ Continue to do a good job in preventing and controlling pests and diseases, cut off diseased and insect branches, dead branches, eliminate the source of overwintering pests and diseases, and combine winter cleaning to do a good job of green space sanitation;
⑤ Repair tools and maintain mechanical equipment.
II. Specific comprehensive management measures
(1) Pay attention to the sanitation of landscape green space: timely collect the remains of pests and diseases in the garden and the dead grass layer of the lawn, and treat them, bury them deeply or burn them. During the growing season, remove diseased and insect-infested branches and leaves in time, and remove plants that died due to diseases, pests or other reasons. Human transmission should be avoided during gardening operations. Soil and pots with pests and diseases in the greenhouse should not be used before treatment. In soilless cultivation, contaminated nutrient solution should be removed in time and should not be used again.
(2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management: Reasonable fertilizer and water management can not only make plants grow healthily, but also enhance the ability of plants to resist diseases and pests. Ornamental plants should use fully decomposed and odorless organic fertilizers to avoid polluting the environment and affecting the viewing experience. When using inorganic fertilizers, pay attention to the combination of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to prevent excessive fertilization or nutrient deficiency. Watering methods, watering amounts, watering times, etc. all affect the occurrence of diseases and pests. Sprinkler irrigation and "watering" irrigation are often prone to cause local diseases. It is best to use furrow irrigation, drip irrigation or watering along the edge of the pot. The amount of watering should be appropriate. Excessive watering can easily cause root rot, while too little watering can easily cause flowers and trees to grow poorly due to lack of water, resulting in various physiological diseases or aggravation of infectious diseases. Drain water in time during rainy seasons. It is best to choose a sunny morning for watering to reduce the humidity on the leaf surface in time.
(3) Improve environmental conditions: Improving environmental conditions mainly refers to adjusting the temperature and humidity of the cultivation site. Especially for greenhouse cultivated plants, frequent ventilation and humidity reduction are required to reduce the occurrence of diseases such as gray mold and downy mildew. The planting density and the density of potted flowers should be appropriate to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. The temperature of the greenhouse should be appropriate in winter, and should not be hot or cold. The height, frequency and time of lawn mowing should also be reasonable, otherwise it will also aggravate the occurrence of diseases.
(4) Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding can not only maintain soil fertility, reduce soil moisture evaporation, promote the healthy growth of flowers and trees, and improve stress resistance, but also eliminate the origins and lurking places of many diseases and insect pests.
(5) Soil turning and soil fertilization: Combined with deep tillage and fertilization, the pathogens and pests that overwinter in the topsoil or leaf litter can be turned deep into the soil. In parks, green spaces, nurseries and other places where there are no flowers growing in winter, it is best to turn the soil deep once, so that they can be buried deep underground and will no longer cause harm the following year.
IV. Physical and mechanical control of diseases and insect pests
The method of using various simple instruments and various physical factors to control diseases and insect pests is called physical and mechanical control.
In summary, the best method should be selected based on the actual situation, with prevention as the main approach and comprehensive management. Physical, biological and chemical control methods should be implemented in combination with different garden plants to ensure the healthy growth of garden plants.
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